New Book: Challenging the rise of Corporate Power in Renewable Energy: Strategic opportunities for public ownership and industrial and economic development, by Dexter Whitfield, 26 January 2023.
A new dimension to the climate crisis has emerged as a result of the corporate domination of the renewable energy sector. The book details strategies for a democratic public future for renewable energy, protection of the built environment, nature and biodiversity. and demonstrates how decarbonisation, retrofitting, environmental adaptation and protection create new economic and industrial opportunities and generate significant good quality jobs.
One of the Top ten beach reads to ideologically warm up any long hot summer – Labour Hub. “Dexter Whitfield offers an alternative: a renewable energy programme rooted in saving the planet, not saving the fossil fuel industry from itself, More than enough to brighten up any beach read.”
https://labourhub.org.uk/2023/07/25/top-ten-beach-reads-to-ideologically-warm-up-any-long-hot-summer/
Scale of corporate domination
This book exposes how corporate interests dominate the renewable energy sector. These include private investment funds, venture capital funds, private equity funds and subsidiaries fossil fuel companies which are developers and owner-operators of wind farms, solar parks, battery storage, hydro, biomass and energy-from-waste projects. Market ideology dominates the sector and outsourcing is widespread.
These projects are bought and sold in a secondary market with development rights and ‘construction-ready status’, either as individual projects or as part of a portfolio of operational projects, often located in several countries. The analysis is based on the European Services Strategy Unit Global Renewable Energy Database which contains 1,622 transactions between 1st January 2019 and 31st December 2021.
Several publicly-owned companies in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, China, Romania and the Republic of Ireland are developers and owners of renewable energy assets, but the public sector accounts for 4% of renewable energy global generating power.
Deep structural flaws
- Private Equity Funds have carved out a pivotal role in financing and owning renewable energy assets – they acquired 369 renewable energy assets and sold 178 projects between 2019-2021.
- 41 major renewable energy companies registered in tax havens, were involved in 264 transactions to acquire assets whilst a further 47 transactions involved the sale of renewable energy assets. The use of tax havens to avoid or reduce corporate taxation increases corporate profits but reduces tax revenue for governments.
- A sample of 20 private renewable energy companies paid their shareholders £8.75bn (US$10.7bn) in dividends in the study period reflecting a high level of profiteering in the sector.
- Despite the wide criticism and failure of many Public Private Partnership projects, the World Bank and regional development banks continue to promote the PPP model for renewable energy projects in developing economies with 2.928 PPP projects signed since 1997 plus 839 fossil fuel projects.
Public ownership, values and economic, social and environmental justice
The book sets out the attributes of public goods and ten public service principles and a Core Public Values Framework is based on five key pillars – quality, effectiveness, equality, efficiency and sustainability – that are essential in providing public infrastructure and services to meet social, economic and environmental needs and human rights. Not only are the five pillars inter-dependent but they are also dependent on inputs, working methods, impacts and outcomes, outputs and monitoring and evaluation.
Challenging corporate domination of renewable energy
Whitfield describes various ways in which the corporate domination of the renewable energy sector can be challenged, for example by eliminating companies that use tax havens; by requiring improved democratic accountability and continuous community and trade union participation in planning and service delivery; by direct investment in place of auctions; by intervention in private sales of assets. He sets out a strategy to significantly increase public ownership of renewable energy including via remunicipalisation, new national and local public sector organisations and direct investment in renewable energy projects, decarbonisation and retrofitting.
Spokesman Books – https://spokesmanbooks.org/ (Paperback £18.00, ePub £10.00).
Additional data available – https://www.european-services-strategy.org.uk/public-ownership
Book Review – The Great Green Scam
Helen Mercer, Morning Star, 17 April 2023 – highly recommends an invaluable guide to the state of private ownership of renewable energy, and what to do about it.
Dexter Whitfield has performed an invaluable service over the years in researching the mechanism of corporate control over public services and its extremely profitable but socially disastrous effects. He has written widely on creating “a public alternative to the privatisation of life.”
Here he turns his attention to the provision of renewable energy. Painstaking research into annual reports, company press releases and corporate bulletins shows that globally the private sector provides 86 per cent of the capital investment required: public-sector involvement is insignificant except for facilitating this private investment through public/private partnerships.
Private equity companies such as BlackRock “have carved out a pivotal role financing and owning renewable energy projects”: pension funds also play a significant role.
A sample of 20 private renewable energy companies paid dividends between 2019 and 2021 of £10.7 billion. And of course, among such stakeholders, there is widespread use of tax havens.
He exposes how private companies have used environment, social and governance benchmarks to greenwash their activities and to exaggerate the benefits of private-sector involvement.
Similarly, he exposes the parallel marketisation of nature and biodiversity, paraded as a means to value natural resources with a view to their conservation, but actually turning “ecosystem services” into financial assets which can be traded in a market with an estimated value of $120 trillion per year.
Having laid out the ongoing capture of environmental policies by the private sector and by neoliberal economics, in the second part Whitfield considers how this dominance is to be challenged and what national and international strategies are needed for the transition of human economies to renewables.
Prominent among these recommendations is a radical increase in public ownership so that “all public financial support must be conditional on binding agreements that give the public sector the first option to acquire full ownership of a project in any sale.”
A new agency, a national renewable energy agency, is needed to increase direct public investment and nationalise key companies.
Other forms of government influence and direction of the sector are needed in order to, for example, strengthen national grid networks, and promote the decarbonisation of agriculture, transport and construction.
Government activities, he emphasises, should be bound by frameworks for assessing the impact of policies on aspects of social and economic justice.
Whitfield has tackled a huge topic and the size of the challenge is well-illustrated in the ideas being discussed by the PCS for a national climate service.
His research and prescriptions will help to inform future debate.
SOCIALIST PROJECT: THE BULLET
Global Trade in Renewable Energy Assets Soars
23 May 2023 Dexter Whitfield
Draws on Global Renewable Energy Secondary Market Database 2019-2021 which reported on 1,622 transactions in renewable energy assets in a three-year period. It reveals the dominant role of private equity funds, wide use of tax havens and limited role of public ownership. The market creates new opportunities for profiteering from the generation of renewable energy. Revenue from the sale of assets accrues to the parent company that owns the equity and does not directly benefit the project, community and local economy.
It is vital that corporate domination of renewable energy is challenged combined with establishing the case for increased public investment and ownership of renewable energy. Eight ways in which corporate ownership can be challenged are described.
Ways in which local, regional and central government can be publicly owned, the importance of increase public ownership of renewable energy generation and return national grids and local distribution networks to public ownership are set out.
Environmental Injustice in Renewables
Dexter Whitfield – THE SPOKESMAN 154 (pages 47-55) 2023 Founded by Bertrand Russell
Examines the crisis and opportunities in the context of the climate crisis including the regional differences on dependency on coal, oil, and natural gas. In addition, there are significant structural flaws in the renewable energy sector such as the increasing reliance on market forces, the activities of private equity funds and the limited effectiveness of Environment, Social and Governance criteria.
Who will control renewables?
Regan Scott review of Challenging the Rise of Corporate Power in Renewable Energy in The Spokesman 154 (pages 116-117) 2023.
“Dexter Whitfield’s new book on corporate power in the renewable energy world is unique in looking ahead and in depth at the implications of high global financial capitalism’s penetration of the undoubtedly much needed and welcome renewable energy industries.”
https://www.european-services-strategy.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Regan-Scott-Review-1.pdf
Democratic Left Scotland review
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New Book - Public Alternative to the Privatisation of Life
Public Alternative to the Privatisation of Life by Dexter Whitfield sets out a radical agenda for decommodification, public ownership and provision, re-municipalisation, reconstructing democracy, radical public management, public investment and strategic action. It explains the drivers of financialisation, marketisation, individualisation and privatisation and sets out a political economy framework of privatisation. It details the corporate extraction of profits, impact on the quality of services, the erosion of democratic accountability and transparency, increased inequalities and the reduced capability of public authorities. Much of the evidence is from the UK and Europe, US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, together with Asia, Africa and Latin America which have experienced significant levels and forms of privatisation, and where financial capital and transnational companies ruthlessly acquire privatised assets.
Spokesman Books, 580 pages - paperback, eBook and PDF formats.
Amazon Kindle and paperback and from good bookshops.
Further information in Public Ownership and Provision section.
25 November 2019 New Book: Dexter Whitfield, one of the foremost international experts on privatization, has published a new book, Public Alternative to the Privatisation of Life. The book “provides comprehensive evidence of the failure of privatization and the economic, social and environmental damage to people’s lives, working conditions and undermining of equalities. It details radical strategies for decommodification for a new era of public ownership and provision with participative and democratic accountability, quality public services, the preservation of nature and sustainable climate action.” Available in hard copy, PDF, and eBook formats. 580 pages. Also, if you’ve never read them, do check out Whitfield’s many other top flight books on privatization. It’s like going to privatization university.
Review in Chartist magazine, March 2020 Review in Scottish Left Review, Issue 117 May/June 2020 by Stuart Fairweather
"The notion of the privatisation of life is dramatic in language and scope. This is appropriate given the enormity of the task that Whitfield looks to take on. A task that does not merely involve the descriptive but one that includes outlining the actions required to challenge privatisation and the ideology that underpins it." .................."Privatisation and the commodification of all things ‘public and planet’ has been an overarching aspiration of neo-liberalism over the last three decades. Whitfield attempts to respond to this. International examples,comparisons, case studies and analysis are all employed to illustrate the impact of the ideology of privatisation."
Compelling vision of public services for the many not the few
MARJORIE MAYO recommends a robust alternative to aggressive privatisation
STRATEGIES for decommodification, public ownership and provision, democratic control, climate action, conserving nature and biodiversity and radical public management are among the crucial issues tackled in this book by Dexter Whitfield.
A comprehensive guide from a highly experienced author and activist, it offers an incisive critique and an alternative vision for public services for the majority in Britain and internationally.
The urgent need to tackle increasing privatisation and commercialisation, right-wing strategies that have been impacting on nature and biodiversity as well as on public services globally, is the focus of the book’s first section.
It explains the ways in which financialisation, commercialisation and individualisation fit into these processes of privatisation, undermining the basis of public-service provision, and it provides a plethora of evidence to demonstrate the effects, which promote new ways of enabling the private sector to profit.
Whitfield goes on to provide detailed evidence about the detrimental effects on service-users and communities, including on the environment. The consequences of privatisation on the quality of services in Britain are only too familiar, along with the ways in which it undermines the pay and conditions of public service providers.
But there has been less familiarity with the impact on environmental concerns internationally as well as more locally and, in the meantime, democratic accountability is being undermined, making these processes more and more difficult to challenge.
The final section of the book sets out a radical agenda for change and includes discussion of remunicipalisation and public investment, along with wider strategies for democratising public services, ensuring transparency and public accountability.
These final chapters are not just comprehensive in terms of the range of issues that need to be addressed. Most importantly, they also take account of the links between these different aspects of the agenda for change.
There are such important implications here. Progressive policy manifestos have identified services that need to be taken into public ownership before. So far, so good. But each service needs to be planned within the context of wider strategies for the public sector as a whole, at local, regional and national levels and beyond.
We need to develop comprehensive plans for the range of services that we require and the links between them, taking account of nature and the climate as well as the quality of the jobs that are to be provided.
There are important implications here for the trade union and labour movement and service users more generally. This is a very comprehensive book and there’s a wealth of detailed evidence to support the author’s arguments, drawing on experiences from across the globe, and it is clearly written and presented.
It’s an extremely useful resource for the left.
Morning Star, 30 July 2020
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The future of infrastructure financing: Is there a public alternative to the privatisation of life?
Institute for Public Policy Research, PROGRESSIVE REVIEW, Spring 2020, Dexter Whitfield
There are currently mixed messages in infrastructure finance. The Conservative government’s 2018 budget announced that no more private finance initiative (PFI) and PF21 projects would be approved: “Government will not be seeking a like-for-like replacement for these models. The government is open to exploring new ways to use private finance in government projects, but the benefits brought by private finance must outweigh the additional cost to the taxpayer of using private capital, and the government will not consider proposals demonstrating the same characteristics as PFI or PF2. However, with infrastructure spend and investment a stated government objective, their plans to finance projects remain unclear and contradictory. The article explains how PPPs are thriving despite claims to the contrary and the growth of global PPPs via private equity funds and the World Bank provide a stark warning for the UK.
It recommends four key points for a an alternative funding model; an integrated design and construction model; more intensive monitoring and performance review could lead to more terminations of contracts; and closure of the route to offshore tax havens and the secondary market for infrastructure funds.
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The road to an equitable and sustainable economy
Dexter Whitfield exposes the perils of privatisation underlined by the Covid-19 pandemic.
"Firstly, new economic strategies combining Green and Integrated Public Healthcare System Deals. Decarbonisation of energy must run parallel with the decommodification of public services and the de-commercialisation of nature and biodiversity. They must be aligned with democratisation and participation and political, economic, social and environmental equality and justice.
Secondly, to provide evidence of how the renewable energy sector is increasingly owned and operated by private equity funds, fossil fuel energy and oil companies and smaller renewable energy companies. Further rapid expansion of the sector and achievement of 100% decarbonisation could create a private sector monolith, largely reflecting the fossil fuel industry’s corporate ownership. Thus public ownership of renewable energy generation and distribution is critical.
Thirdly, to stress the importance of achieving a fundamental change in the security, terms and conditions, training and quality of employment and in local participation in supply chains.
Fourthly, to emphasise how equality, social and environmental justice, and the elimination of discrimination, must be at the core of all policies. This must transcend all sections of the economy and be a core element of radical public management.
Finally, to identify some key organising and action strategies that trade unions, community and civil society organisations must develop to achieve effective and sustainable Green and Integrated Public Healthcare System deals.
Read the full article in The Chartist magazine, 1 October 2020
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The People’s Inquiry into Privatisation in Australia
Submission by Dexter Whitfield on the critical importance and need for alternatives to privatisation. A demand for public ownership alone is inadequate. It must be accompanied by proposals to radically change the way public services are managed and held democratically accountable. Otherwise, public ownership alone will ultimately lead to re-privatisation later.
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Unmasking austerity and organising for new challenges, Dexter Whitfield
We need to draw lessons from the strategies used to oppose austerity policies and neoliberal ‘transformation’ of public services. New challenges include reversing the decline in labour share of national income and the slow pace of financial market reforms. Opposition to transnational free trade agreements must be strengthened. “New approaches to organising, building alliances and action strategies will require ideological and cultural change within trade unions, community and civil society organisations. Since ‘business as usual’ is not a viable public service option, neither is it an option for organisations opposing austerity and neoliberalism”. False Economy, September 2014.
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Capitalist dynamics reconfiguring the state: alternatives to privatisation
The presentation at the University of Nottingham described the dynamic forces, public sector ‘transformation’ and set out alternative strategies to regenerate public services. The event on 16 September 2015 was jointly organised by the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation, Spokesman Books, the Centre of the Study of Social and Global Justice and the University and College Union.
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A job like any other? Working in the social sector between transformation of work and the crisis of welfare
Davide Caslli (University of Milan), Barbara Giullari (University of Bologna) and Dexter Whitfield (Flinders University, Adelaide) in Sociologia del lavoro, 155, 2019. DOI: 10.3280/SL2019-155001
The purpose of the essay, introducing the special issue, is to shed light on the restructuring of social work in the context of more general transformations of work. Social work represents an important share of the contemporary job market, especially in the field of services, both in the public and private sectors (mainly education, health, social services). The article presents the different waves of transformation of welfare, from the '80s onwards, that have had a significant impact on social work. It starts with an overview of the international context, with special attention to UK context where privatisation and restructuring of public and welfare state services has been most extensive; then it focuses on Italy, presenting the general features and directions of welfare restructuring taking place in the country and their impact on the care work sector. Finally, the article highlights some shared features and focuses of the different articles composing the Special Issue. Furthermore, it points at possible (and needed) development of the research on the issue: the need of new political narratives of welfare restructuring and developments, the need (and current weakness) of the voice of social workers with regards to welfare system in the public debate and in policy making; the link between Street Level Bureaucrats' practices and social services reorganisation and the systematic increase in the exploitation of labour that linked regulation and privatisation dynamics.
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Political Economy of Private Financed Social Services
A chapter by Dexter Whitfield in Privates Kapital für soziale Dienste? Wirkungsorientiertes Investment und seine Folgen für die Soziale Arbeit. Hrsg. von Monika Burmester, Emma Dowling & Norbert Wohlfahrt. 2017. Vlll, 180 Seiten. Kt. ISBN 9783834017505, €19.80 Grundlagen der Sozialen Arbeit Band 41, Schneider Verlag Hohengehren.
The English version of the chapter can be downloaded. Table of Contents (German).
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Infrastructure Investment – The Emergent PPP Equity Market
Increasingly governments are looking to private sector actors to invest in infrastructure projects. An emergent mechanism for such investment is the market in PPP equity. This is an aspect of PPPs that has to date had little empirical attention. This paper reports on the size and scope of the market in PPP equity sales within the UK. In the process, the nature of PPP projects and the existing rationales for the policy are critiqued. The paper concludes by laying out a number of potential research agendas focused on PPP equity sales including a call for reassessing theoretical perspectives.
Dexter Whitfield, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia and Stewart Smyth, University of Sheffield, UK
Published in Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
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UNMASKING AUSTERITY: Lessons for Australia, by Dexter Whitfield
Documents why austerity failed and its disastrous economic and social effects in Europe and North America and highlights why Australia should not adopt these policies. Government debt continued to increase, reduced demand intensified the recession, negative or weak growth prevailed and the private sector failed to invest. The cost of lost output, reduced wealth, mass unemployment and government intervention runs into trillions in any currency. Austerity advocates were equally committed to embedding neoliberalism in the public sector and the welfare state and reconfiguring the role of the state.
Prepared for the Don Dunstan Foundation and Public Service Association of South Australia and published by the Australian Workplace Innovation and Social Research Centre, University of Adelaide.
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Unmasking Austerity
Unmasking Austerity: Opposition and Alternatives in Europe and North America, by Dexter Whitfield, Spokesman Books
Unmasking Austerity: Opposition and Alternatives in Europe and North America exposes how austerity policies have fuelled the fire of recession rather than stimulated growth. It identifies key lessons from organising and action against such policies, and urges a rethink of trade union, community and social movement strategies to overcome austerity. Unmasking Austerity examines the deeper causes of the financial crisis, and exposes the manufactured crises which are being used to dismantle hard-earned labour rights and the welfare state.
A radical alternative strategy includes economic stimulus, reconstruction of public services, faster fundamental reform of banks and financial markets, the elimination of corporate welfare that enriches big business, and strategies to increase labour’s share of national income.
Buy the ebook direct from Unmasking Austerity : Spokesman Books or Unmasking Austerity : Amazon UK. Published April 2014, Price £9.99, Format: eBook, ISBN: 978 0 85124 832 5, 134 pages, 8 Tables and 18 Figures. Paperback with full colour graphics, price £15.00 – ISBN 978 0 85124 8417
REVIEWS
Sebastian Schipper, Bauhaus-University Weimar: International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol.39, Issue 3, 653-654 “The central strengths of Unmasking Austerity lie in its detailed but compact overview of both the numerous austerity policies and resulting social protests that have erupted across Europe and North America since the beginning of the global financial crisis, as well as in its offer of a concrete political alternative to further neoliberal restructuring. For these reasons, Whitfield has published a significant book worth recommending, not only to academics and urban scholars, but also to a much broader audience of social movement activists, trade unionists and indeed all people engaged in unmasking the claim that there is no alternative to austerity.”
Dave Putson, THE PROJECT, a Socialist Journal, July 2014 “It is full of detailed well researched and explosive exposes of neoliberalism and faux austerity"........... “this is a seriously muscular work which is both compelling and painful in equal measure”
Edward Dingwall, Red Pepper, October-November 2015, No. 204 “…He offers another account of the massive transfer of wealth that took place when financial speculation emerged as crisis, and the early and disparate ‘anti-austerity’ flashpoints such as the Occupy camps, student protests and isolated strikes. While such initiatives seemed to staff, Whitfield sees how their energy actually spread into new connections, cross-pollinating alternative ideas and methods. His ready acknowledgment of these developments and their potential power is more forward-thinking than many other public services scholars. His proposals for organisational reform, priorities and effective economic levers are familiar, though, even if he ties them together more neatly than others manage.”
ARTICLES
Unmasking austerity and organising for new challenges, Dexter Whitfield
We need to draw lessons from the strategies used to oppose austerity policies and neoliberal ‘transformation’ of public services. New challenges include reversing the decline in labour share of national income and the slow pace of financial market reforms. Opposition to transnational free trade agreements must be strengthened. “New approaches to organising, building alliances and action strategies will require ideological and cultural change within trade unions, community and civil society organisations. Since ‘business as usual’ is not a viable public service option, neither is it an option for organisations opposing austerity and neoliberalism”. False Economy, September 2014.
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Fingers in the PFI, Red Pepper, Issue 188, February/March 2013
Assesses the turbulent times for PFI under the Coalition government and the wider costs and consequences. A so-called ‘new era’ PF2 makes marginal changes, except for allowing public sector bodies to participate in equity transaction profiteering. It concludes by discussing the rationale underpinning Labour’s silence on PF2.
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Inquiry into the Future of Voluntary Services: The Ideological Context, Paper No. 4 - Dexter Whitfield
This paper for the National Coalition for Independent Action's Inquiry examines neoliberal ideology and objectives and their role in the transformation of public services and the welfare state. The paper highlights ways in which voluntary sector organisations are being drawn into the commercialisation and marketisation of public services and the effects of a contract culture.
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In Place of Austerity
In Place of Austerity uncovers the realities of commissioning, localism, ‘big society’ empowerment fraud, and the systematic undermining of public services and the welfare state. It perceptively exposes the scale of disempowerment, dispossession and disinvestment, and analyses the dominant rationale, which continues to underpin the financialisation and personalisation of public services, accelerating marketisation and privatisation on an unprecedented scale.
This is a vitally important book for trade unions as well as for civil and community organisations. It provides a critical understanding of the issues and will aid their intervention in transformation and procurement of public services by forging strong alliances, taking industrial and community action, and advancing alternative policies.
In Place of Austerity sets out a framework for policies that reconstruct the economy, invest in local economies, create jobs and rebuild public infrastructure. In doing so, it charts a new role for the state and offers a radical new public service management strategy. It is an equally important resource for all public sector employees. Incisive, timely and detailed, it is original in its research and analysis.
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Should we turn the NHS into co-ops and mutuals?
Explains why the transfer of NHS and other public services to social enterprises, mutual or cooperatives is privatisation, irrespective of the ownership model, staff and user engagement, democratic structures and community support. It examines the pathways to markets, the performance of social enterprises and the way forward including the re-integration of client and contractor and strategic improvement of in-house NHS services.
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The Future of European Welfare States
Review by Dexter Whitfield of European Welfare States after the Crisis: Changing Public Attitudes (by Policy Network, Institute for Public Policy Research and The Foundation for European Progressive Studies) in The Spokesman, No. 120, May, 2013.
The paper does not recognise the financialisation, personalisation, marketisation and privatisation of public services and the welfare state, let alone consider them a ‘challenge’ “The reason perhaps lies in the fact that these policies, designed mainly by the last Labour government and accelerated by the Coalition, are intended to privatise the ‘old’ welfare state in order to release public money to more fully address the casualties of, and the needs, of capital.”
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Plan B and Beyond
A critical assessment of Compass's Plan B that reveals its shortcomings and need for a more radical and comprehensive socialist alternative, by Dexter Whitfield, Red Pepper Issue 182, Feb/Mar 2012.
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Public Pain: The insidious destruction of public services, Dexter Whitfield
“This is not so much a ‘hollowing out’ of the state, but a fundamental redirection to finance and manage markets and collusion in the deepening of corporate welfare.” Chartist, July/August 2012.
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The Crisis in Adult Social Care
An eBook by Ian Ferguson and Michael Lavalette that examines recent developments in social work with adults, including the personalisation agenda, and critically discusses the prospects for adult social care in a context of never-ending austerity. Six respondents, including Dexter Whitfield, comment on the paper followed by concluding a reply to their comments by the main authors. (Rakuten kobe books)
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UK Social Services: the mutation of privatisation, Dexter Whitfield
A paper written for Studies in Social Services, Li Bing, Vice Professor, Department of Sociology, Beijing Administrative College, China. Social services are at the forefront of the continued neoliberal transformation of public services and the welfare state in the UK. The paper applies the In Place of Austerity framework to examine the changes in social services. Paper in English and Chinese.
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The payment-by-results road to marketisation, Dexter Whitfield
“‘Payment by results’ has become the new performance management mantra. It is intended to incentivise contractors, with payment conditional on the completion of agreed outputs or outcomes. There are currently two such payment and reward models: the social impact bond mechanism and phased incentive payments.” This article examines the implications of this approach, the growth of ‘social markets’, incentive payment contracts and explains why it is a high risk strategy; pages 22-23, in Critical Reflections: social and criminal justice in the first year of Coalition government, Centre for Crime and Justice Studies, March 2012.
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Book Review: Confuse and Conceal: The NHS and Independent Sector Treatment Centres
The book by Stewart Player and Colin Leys exposes how a succession of New Labour Health Ministers, advisers, senior civil servants and staff recruited from the private sector operated in the Department of Health to restructure the private health care sector with a network of Independent Sector Treatment Centres (ISTCs). Equally important, it chronicles the failure of scrutiny.
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Beware the UK’s 'community rights': the latest mutation of privatisation, Open Democracy
Cutting through the coalition government’s rhetoric of localism and ‘community rights’, Dexter Whitfield exposes a strategy to further destabilise and fracture public provision, accelerating marketisation and privatisation.
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Is Commissioning the Way Forward?
An article in Local Government Chronicle, 9 June 2011, describes commissioning as a wolf in sheep's clothing because it will lead to private monopoly, commercialised services, agendas dominated by the vested interests of private contractors and little transparency. Sets out an alternative approach. www.lgcplus.com
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Global Auction of Public Assets
Public infrastructure in the 21st century is confronted with new challenges – adapting to climate change, meeting the economic, energy, water, transportation and social infrastructure needs of megacities in Asia, megaregions in North America, European city regions and older industrial areas. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and the global infrastructure market, financed by investment funds and pension funds, are fuelling a new era of public asset sales. Already, the refinancing and the sale of equity in PPP projects has led to the buying and selling of public assets furthering exploitation and profiteering. This is the first critical global analysis examines PPP programmes in the UK, France, Ireland, Germany, the US, Canada, Russia, Australia, China, India, Brazil and South Africa.
Global Auction of Public Assets proposes a new strategy for public investment. It sets out new priorities, radical changes in global financial markets, abandonment of PPPs and neoliberal ideology, new controls on existing PPPs, new public sector contracts and public management reform. It calls for alliance building and joint community/trade union intervention to develop a new, authentic, vision for public infrastructure.
In this section:
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PPPs – Partnership or Plunder: Dexter Whitfield interviewed by Alex Doherty, New Left Project
Dexter Whitfield author of ‘Global Auction, of Public Assets’, describes the damaging effects of so-called Public Private Partnerships in a detailed interview with the New Left Project in March 2010 . He outlines why they are a disastrous way to provide essential services and he details a democratic alternative to PPPs.
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The Dynamics of Public Sector Transformation, Dexter Whitfield
Soundings Winter 2010, Issue 46, pp99-111. Outlines the effectiveness of recent ‘reform’. It identifies key challenges beyond 2010 and proposes strategies to achieve progressive and systemic change.
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Labour’s illusory reforms, Dexter Whitfield in Democratic Socialist, Summer 2006.
Shows how the development of a market-based choice and contestability model of modernisation will erode democratic accountability and have a negative long-term effect on democratic institutions.
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Marketisation of Legal Services
Legal Action, Journal of the Legal Action Group, March 2007. Examines how public services are being marketised and assesses the impact on legal services.
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Financing Infrastructure in the 21st Century: The Long Term Impact of Public Private Partnerships in Britain and Australia by Dexter Whitfield
A detailed study of the longer-term impact of changes in the design, structure and financing of PPP/PFI projects, external economic and political drivers such as growth of the secondary market and government modernisation policies, and the effect of economic, social and employment change. The report also examines PPP/PFI performance, democratic accountability and transparency, the impact on jobs and concludes with an assessment of alternative public sector investment strategies.
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The Marketisation of Teaching
The Marketisation of Teaching PFI Journal No 52 The April 2006 issue of the PFI Journal contains an article by Dexter Whitfield which examines the potential impact of the Building Schools for the Future programme on education.
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New Labour's Attack on Public Services
New Labour is creating markets in public services on an unprecedented scale. Education, health and social care, children’s services, housing, planning and regeneration, the criminal justice system and the welfare state are all being marketised. Privatisation inevitably follows marketisation, eroding democratic accountability and embedding business interests. The impact will be far reaching. Any benefits in terms of economic, social and sustainable development that are gained through regional strategies and city regions could evaporate if market forces are allowed to run rampant across the public sector. Alternative policies and strategies must build on the support for democratic governance, social justice and the welfare state. As this timely book makes clear, action by alliances of trade unions, community organisations and civil society organisations is urgently required.
"What Dexter has done in this new book is to collect together the whole history of the way in which step by step the working of the market and the ethos of business competition has been brought into the public sector in the United Kingdom, replacing all practices and ideals of collective responsibility. The result is made abundantly clear in the growing inequality of provision for those who are well placed financially and those who are not." Michael Barratt Brown, The Spokesman, No 91, 2006
"the book provides essential theoretical ammunition for defending public services" Professor Patrick Ainley, University of Greenwich, Social Education Journal, No 2, October 2006
"...a key text for all those who want chapter and verse of one of the biggest changes to have taken place in the public sector since most of it was created in the post-war settlement. Whitfield provides us with the arguments and the detail that clearly demonstrate what New Labour have been up to during the last 10 years in this accessible yet, at times, scholarly work.” Keith Popple, Professor of Social Work, London South Bank University. Community Care, 18 January 2007
“This book refutes the premise that modernisation and marketisation go hand in glove. In his defence of keeping the public sector public, Whitfield breaks down New Labour’s rationale for marketisation by explaining exactly how markets work in theory and practice and most importantly how they can fail. …….does offer an alternative way forward and includes examples of successful campaigns against privatisation of the public services.” Labour Research, October 2006
Spokesman Books, April 2006, 176 pages, £11.99 (bulk rates available) Download leaflet and order form: Available from bookshops, Amazon or direct from publisher.
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Impact of privatisation and marketisation on municipal services in the UK, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, May, 2002, 8, pp234-251
A political economy of modernisation which examines the impact of the commercialisation, marketisation and privatisation, the transformation in local government and the growth of the enabling model of the state.
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PPPs - Where Will We Be By 2010?
PPPs - Where Will We Be By 2010?, Dexter Whitfield, Public Management and Policy Association Newsletter, No.16, February 2002. This short article addresses the absence of any serious public debate on the longer-term consequences of Private Finance Initiatives (PFIs) and Public Private Partnerships (PPPs), outlining the huge problems and uncertainties which seem likely to materialise from such projects.
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Partnerships, Privatisation and the Public Interest - Public Private Partnerships and the Financing of Infrastructure Development in South Australia
By John Spoehr, Dexter Whitfield and John Quiggin for the Public Service Association of South Australia (2002). Discusses the basics, origins and rationale of PPPs, draws on the lessons from the British and Australian experience (55pp).
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The Third Way for Education: privatisation and marketisation, Dexter Whitfield, in FORUM for promoting 3-19 comprehensive education, Vol. 42, No 2, Summer 2000, p82 – 85.
Demonstrates how a new era of privatisation is emerging and how this will impact on education.
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Public Services or Corporate Welfare - Rethinking the Nation State in the Global Economy by Dexter Whitfield
A comprehensive analysis of key issues confronting public services and the welfare state in the global economy. Provides a radical analysis of modernisation including partnerships, private finance and Best Value; analyses how the state facilitates globalisation by promoting private finance and the marketisation of public services; exposes how the Third Way masks the continuity of neoliberalism; demonstrates how the World Trade Organisation is committed to privatising public services and welfare states; charts the emergence of a Corporate–Welfare Complex; promotes a revitalised role for the state in a new system of global governance, stressing the importance of sustaining and improving the welfare state; advocates a dynamic new model of public service management placing priority on innovation, equality and investment as an alternative to the reinvention and performance management models. ISBN 0-7453-0856-2 Pluto Press, London, 2001 314 pages.
Patrick Ainley, University of Greenwich: Education and Social Justice 3.2, 2001 - "Dexter Whitfield's book is essential reading for all public sector workers...."
Colin Leys, Red Pepper, April 2001 - "The great value of Whitfield's book is that it also traces the logic of globalisation in the ongoing transformation of the state today, and not least the continuing privatisation, in one form or another, of more and more of the services it used to provide."
Sanjiv Sachdev, Kingston Business School. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 2/02 "...a clear, powerfully argued, provocative work that is extremely useful to anyone seeking to counter the alleged superiority of private-sector delivery of public services."
Andy Wynne, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants - "...provides further argument for the need for a new model of public service management that places priority on innovation, equality and investment"
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Fines, Failures and Illegal Practices in North America: The Implications for Health Care in Britain, NUPE/SCAT, February 1985.
Details how a few multinational companies have come to dominate US healthcare at the expense of patient and public money. The federal and state fines, failures and illegal practices of six healthcare companies are documented, including fines and failures in Canada. The anti-union activities of the companies are also examined together with British multinational firms involvement in US private health care.
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Coal: a privatisation postponed? Capital & Class, Spring 1985, vol. 9, No. 1, pp5-14
Examines the evidence of secret government plans to privatise the UK coal industry, parts of which had already been privatised. Seven private coal companies operated half the opencast sites accounting for nearly three-quarters of site production. Researched during the 1984/85 coal strike, it shows how the privatisation of coal mining was on the political agenda of several right wing organisations.
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Privatisation and International Restructuring, Dexter Whitfield, in World View 1985, Pluto Press, London, p140 – 149.
Examines UK privatisation in the context of the sale of public assets in Latin America, Australia, New Zealand and the Middle East and how transnational companies are reorganising to exploit the internationalisation of privatisation.
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The Welfare State
The Welfare State: Privatisation, Deregulation and Commercialisation of Public Services: Alternative Strategies for the 1990s Dexter Whitfield, Pluto Press, London, 1992. Out of Print.
Includes the need for public services, demands of a capitalist economy, the political economy of privatisation, deregulation and commercialisation, new forms of control, the need for new strategies, controls on capital and organising and action strategies.
Michael Barratt Brown, European Labour Forum, 1993 - "Dexter Whitfield has pulled off a major success with this book, which will make a fitting and commensurate tombstone for the Thatcher years."
Local Government Policy Making, Vol20, No. 3, December 1993 - "Few people could have dealt so comprehensively with the far-reaching changes which have been taking place in the field of public provision."
Public Services International, PSI-INFO 3/1992 - "'The Welfare State' is detailed and extremely well researched analysis of one of the greatest confidence tricks ever engineered by a government."
Tony Jeffs, Youth and Policy, The Journal of Critical Analysis - "...does not feel obliged to seek out the spurious tightrope of objectivity. Instead he offers an unrestrained attack upon the privatisation of public assets and welfare services. This is both a work of reference and a guide to action."
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The Global Sell-Off, International Labour Reports, November-December, 1984, p18-19.
An overview of the global sell-off of public assets and services, the growth of new markets with increased levels of commercialisation. Transnational companies dominate and exploit migrant labour.
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Sale of the Century, Marxism Today, October, 1984
The biggest sale in history will also incur the biggest costs and discounts to investors. Exposes the myth of the small investor and details the speculative gains made on asset sales to date.
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A Political Strategy for Public Services, Critical Social Policy, 1983, 3:102
The lack of a coherent labour movement strategy and the Labour Party’s acceptance of dual provision are discussed. Draws on the lessons from anti-privatisation campaigns and proposes a seven-point strategy. Identifies the various forms of marketization and privatisation and their impact on services users, jobs, democratic accountability and the public cost of competition. Concludes with an assessment of the impact on trade union organisations and their responses to municipal privatisation.
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Making it Public: Evidence and action against privatisation
Pluto Press, London, paperback, ISBN 0-86104-509-2 - Out of Print.
Exposes the scale and scope of the Thatcher privatisation drive, the new right and multinational offensive, the effects of privatisation on workers, users and services and proposes a political strategy for public services and a seven-point action strategy.
David Berry, New Statesman, 9 September 1983 - "...his case against Tory policy on privatisation is made with passion and clarity".....it's an excellent book, a model of its kind.
Labour Research, August 1983 - "...contains a brief but fascinating history of the development of public services in Britain.....Best of all are the final two chapters, which contain a wealth of ideas on how to fight against privatisation - and equally crucially, for public services"
Eileen Phillips, Marxism Today, September 1983 - "I very much liked the combination of of tackling contradictions within the welfare and pursuing ideas for campaigning activities"
Russell Surry, Chartist, January/February 1984 - "This book is essential reading for everyone in the Labour movement"